How Wolves Communicate: Beyond the Howl

When we think of wolf communication, the iconic howl comes to mind. But howling is just one part of a complex language. Wolves use howls to assemble the pack, warn rivals away, and even to express affection for one another. But their primary communication is through body language: a dominant wolf will hold its tail high and ears forward, while a submissive wolf will tuck its tail and lower its body. Facial expressions, scent marking, and a variety of whines, growls, and barks fill out their vocabulary. It’s a sophisticated system that keeps the pack functioning as a tightly-knit, cooperative family unit.