State Management in Vanilla JavaScript

Frameworks like React have popularized the concept of 'state'—the data that changes over time. But you can implement state management in vanilla JavaScript. I built a simple app by creating a central 'store' object. Instead of directly manipulating the DOM when a button was clicked, I would dispatch an action that updated the store, and then a 'render' function would re-render the entire UI based on the new store data. This is the unidirectional data flow pattern. While re-rendering the whole UI sounds inefficient, for small to medium apps it works fine. The benefit is predictability: you know exactly where your data is being changed, which prevents bugs where multiple DOM updates conflict with each other. It was a great exercise before learning Redux or Vuex because I understood the problem they were solving: making large-scale state management predictable.